| LMS Stanier Class 8F | |
|---|---|
| Stanier 8F No. 48476 at Lostock Hall shed, late July 1968 | |
| Power type | Steam |
| Designer | William Stanier |
| Builder | LMS Crewe Works LMS Horwich Works Vulcan Foundry North British Locomotive Co. (also GWR Swindon Works LNER Darlington Works LNER Doncaster Works SR Eastleigh Works SR Ashford Works SR Brighton Works Beyer, Peacock & Co. for REC and MoS orders) |
| Build date | 1935-1946 |
| Total produced | 852 |
| Configuration | 2-8-0 |
| UIC classification | 1'Dh |
| Gauge | 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) |
| Leading wheel diameter |
3 ft 3.5 in (1.003 m) |
| Driver diameter | 4 ft 8.5 in (1.435 m) |
| Length | 63 ft ½ in (19.215 m) |
| Locomotive weight | 72.10 long tons (73.26 t) |
| Fuel type | Coal |
| Fuel capacity | 9 long tons (9.1 t) |
| Water capacity | 4,000 imp gal (18,000 l) |
| Boiler | LMS type 3C |
| Boiler pressure | 225 psi (1.55 MPa) |
| Firegrate area | 28.5 sq ft (2.65 m2) |
| Heating surface: Tubes |
1,479 sq ft (137.4 m2) |
| Heating surface: Firebox |
171 sq ft (15.9 m2) |
| Superheater area | 215–245 sq ft (20.0–22.8 m2) |
| Cylinders | Two, outside |
| Cylinder size | 181⁄2 × 28 in (470 × 710 mm) |
| Tractive effort | 32,440 lbf (144.3 kN) |
| Career | LMS · LNER · Trans-Iranian Railway · Palestine Railways · Egyptian State Railways · Iraqi State Railways · FS · TCDD · BR · Israel Railways[1] |
| Power class | LMS & BR: 7F, later 8F |
| Axle load class | Route Availability 6 |
| Retired | 1960–1968 (BR service) |
The London Midland and Scottish Railway's 8F class 2-8-0 heavy freight locomotive is a class of steam locomotive designed for hauling heavy freight. 852 were built between 1935 and 1946 (not all to LMS order), as a freight version of William Stanier's successful Black Five, and the class saw service overseas during the Second World War.
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LMS freight traction suffered from the adoption of the Midland Railway's small engine policy which had left it with trains double-headed by underpowered 0-6-0s supplemented by inadequate Garratts and Fowler 7F 0-8-0s.
The 8F design incorporated the two-cylinder arrangement of the Black Fives. They were initially classified 7F, but this was later changed to the more familiar 8F.
On the outbreak of the Second World War, the design was chosen to become the country's standard freight design, reprising the role the GCR Class 8K had in the First World War.
| Order | Builder | Delivered | Quantity | Original Numbers | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| London, Midland & Scottish Railway | LMS Crewe Works | 1935–44 | 137 | LMS 8000–8026, 8096–8175, 8301–8330 | 13 requisitioned by War Department |
| London, Midland & Scottish Railway | Vulcan Foundry | 1936–37 | 69 | LMS 8027–8095 | 38 requisitioned by War Department |
| London, Midland & Scottish Railway | North British Locomotive Co. | 1942 | 50 | LMS 8176–8225 | |
| London, Midland & Scottish Railway | LMS Horwich Works | 1943–45 | 75 | LMS 8331–8399, 8490–8495 | |
| War Department | North British Locomotive Co. | 1940–42 | 158 | WD 300–399, 500–524, 540–571, 623 | some delivered as LMS 8226–8282, on loan from WD |
| War Department | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1940–42 | 50 | WD 400–449 | |
| Railway Executive Committee | GWR Swindon Works | 1943–45 | 80 | LMS 8400–8479 | |
| Railway Executive Committee | LNER Darlington Works | 1944–45 | 30 | LMS 8500–8509, 8540–8559 | |
| Railway Executive Committee | LNER Doncaster Works | 1944–45 | 30 | LMS 8510–8539 | |
| Railway Executive Committee order | SR Eastleigh Works | 1943–44 | 23 | LMS 8600–8609, 8650–8662 | |
| Railway Executive Committee order | SR Ashford Works | 1943–44 | 14 | LMS 8610–8612, 8618–8624, 8671–8674 | |
| Railway Executive Committee order | SR Brighton Works | 1943–44 | 68 | LMS 8613–8617, 8625–8649, 8663–8670, 8675–8704 | |
| London & North Eastern Railway (Class O6) | SR Brighton Works | 1944 | 25 | LNER 7651–7675 | renumbered LNER 3100–3124, then LNER 3500–3524, then LMS 8705–8729 |
| London & North Eastern Railway (Class O6) | LNER Darlington Works | 1945–46 | 23 | LNER 3125–3147 | renumbered LNER 3525–3547, then LMS 8730–8752 |
| London & North Eastern Railway (Class O6) | LNER Doncaster Works | 1945–46 | 20 | LNER 3148–3167 | renumbered LNER 3548–3567, then LMS/(BR) (4)8753–8772 |
| Total | 852 | ||||
The War Department had 208 8Fs built by Beyer Peacock and North British Locomotive Company and requisitioned 51 more. Stanier 8F production continued until 1943, when the cheaper WD Austerity 2-8-0 was introduced.
Many Stanier 8Fs saw service outside the UK in Egypt, Palestine, Iran (Iranian Railways class 41),[2] Iraq (Iraqi State Railways class TD),[3][4][5] Italy (FS Class 737) and Turkey (TCDD 45151 Class). 24 8Fs entered Palestine Railways stock; 23 of which were taken over by Israel Railways in 1948. The Israeli War of Independence stranded the one 8F, 70372, (NBL works no. 24680)[6] on a small section of the main line near Tulkarm on the West Bank side of the 1949 Armistice line.[7] It remained there, increasingly derelict, until after the 1967 Israeli invasion of the West Bank, until Israelis finally removed and scrapped it in about 1973.[8]
During the war the London and North Eastern Railway ordered 68 Stanier 8Fs for its own use, classifying them O6. 39 returned from overseas service to Britain at the end of the War. At nationalisation in 1948, 663 8Fs entered British Railways stock, with three further examples (48773-5, previously AD500-2) being purchased from the Longmoor Military Railway in 1957, bringing the total to 666.
8F No. 48600 was used in the 1953 Glenn Ford film Time Bomb, also called Terror on a Train.
The 666 locomotives in British Railways service were withdrawn from stock between 1960 and 1968. The first to go in 1960 was 48616, followed two years later by 48009. 48773–48775 were also withdrawn in 1962 but retaken into stock in 1963. The remaining 664 were withdrawn between 1964 and 1968, with 150 surviving to the last year of steam on BR. Some of the 8Fs in Turkey continued in service until the 1980s.
| Year | Quantity in service at start of year |
Quantity withdrawn |
Locomotive number(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 666 | 1 | 48616 |
| 1961 | 665 | 0 | — |
| 1962 | 665 | 4 | 48009/773–775 |
| 1963 | 661 | -3 | (48773–775 reinstated) |
| 1964 | 664 | 26 | etc |
| 1965 | 638 | 95 | etc |
| 1966 | 543 | 162 | etc |
| 1967 | 381 | 231 | etc |
| 1968 | 150 | 150 | 48010/2/26/33/6/45/6/56/60/2/3/77/81/90 48107/11/5/7/24/32/51/3/67/8/70/82/91–3/7 48200/1/6/12/24/47/52/3/7/67/72/8/82/92/4 48304/5/7/8/17/9/21–3/5/7/9/34/5/8/40/4/5/8/51/6/65/8/9/73/4/80/4/90/2/3 48400/10/21/3/4/33/7/41/2/5/8/51/3/65/7/8/71/6/91–3 48503/4/7/10/29/32/3/44/6/9/51/3/9 48609/12/4/7/20/6/31/2/9/46/52/65/6/77/8/83/4/7/92 48700/2/15/20/2/3/7/30/40/4–6/9/50/2/63/5/73/5 |
Seven LMS/BR locomotives have been preserved in the UK, and three more of the class have been repatriated to the UK from Turkey. In addition, two Turkish Railway (TCCD) locomotives have been preserved in Turkey, and some more remain there in a derelict state. At least one locomotive may have survived in Iraq.[9] The complete list is shown below. Two more are also visible underwater on the wreck of the SS Thistlegorm.
| Number | Location | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMS | BR | WD | TCCD | ||
| 8151 | 48151 | - | - | West Coast Railway Company (Carnforth) | Operational. Certified for mainline use. |
| 8173 | 48173 | - | - | Churnet Valley Railway | Awaiting Restoration. Loco is in ex-Barry scrapyard condition. |
| 8233 | 48773 | 307 | - | Severn Valley Railway | Persian Railways no. 41.109. Static display. Currently in the Engine House awaiting overhaul.[10] |
| 8305 | 48305 | - | - | Great Central Railway | Operational. Owned by Roger Hibbert, due for overhaul 2016 |
| 8431 | 48431 | - | - | Keighley and Worth Valley Railway | Static display. Only surviving Swindon-built example. |
| 8518 | 48518 | - | - | Llangollen Railway | Only surviving LNER-built example. Being used as a kit of parts. Boiler was removed in January 2008 and transported to the Didcot Railway Centre for re-use and modification with 1014 'County of Glamorgan'. Other parts to be used by the LMS Patriot Project. Highly unlikely to be restored in its own right. |
| 8624 | 48624 | - | - | Great Central Railway | Only surviving Southern-built example, restoration completed spring 2009, carrying fictional LMS Crimson Lake livery as 8624. Overhauled at Peak Rail. NOT being sold as previously reported. |
| 8274 | - | 348 | 45160 | Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway | Exported as a kit of parts to Turkey in 1940. Returned to UK in 1989. Operational. Currently carrying TCDD livery as 45160. Ran as LMS 8476 (a Swindon-built example of the class) during GWR 175. |
| - | - | 522 | 45161 | Preserved in Turkey | On display in Camlik museum |
| 8279 | - | 353 | 45165 | Turkey | Dumped in Alasehir, Photographed in 2008 |
| - | - | 341 | 45166 | Barry in South Wales | Recovered from Sivas, Turkey, December 2010. Owned by the Churchill 8F group.[11] |
| - | - | 340 | 45168 | Preserved in Turkey | Static display in Izmit old railway station Pictures from 2009 |
| - | - | 554 | 45170 | National Railway Museum | Recovered from Sivas, Turkey, December 2010. Privately owned, but on display at the National Railway Museum works in Shildon until summer 2011, then for restoration at Storey Engineering in Hepscott, Northumberland.[12] |
| - | - | 547 | - | Iraqi Republic Railways (IRR), Baghdad | IRR no. 1429. Currently disused - abandoned in field near IRR |
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